Holistic Health Pillars

What is Holistic Health? Holistic health practitioners work with clients to achieve specific health goals. This may include improving athletic performance, disease prevention, and the treatment of symptoms. Holistic nutritionists may help implement anti-inflammatory diets. Holistic health practitioners work with both medical professionals and the public to implement a personalized plan of action. Holistic health…

What is Holistic Health? Holistic health practitioners work with clients to achieve specific health goals. This may include improving athletic performance, disease prevention, and the treatment of symptoms. Holistic nutritionists may help implement anti-inflammatory diets. Holistic health practitioners work with both medical professionals and the public to implement a personalized plan of action. Holistic health practitioners are available in many locations, and many practices are affiliated with local hospitals and clinics.

Eight pillars that support holistic health

A balanced diet is a key component of the physical wellness pillar. In addition to eating more fruits and vegetables, you should also be eating a variety of whole grains. Avoid foods with high amounts of sodium, cholesterol, or added sugar. Likewise, you should avoid fried foods. These foods can contribute to high cholesterol levels, which can have negative effects on your overall health. A healthy diet can improve many of the other pillars.

The physical and emotional aspects of health go hand in hand. Holistic health acknowledges the role of mental, spiritual, and social aspects of health. As a result, it takes the whole person into account, focusing on the connections between the body, mind, and environment. Emotional wellness is an important component of holistic health, and it can be cultivated through the eight pillars of holistic health. Listed below are the eight pillars of holistic health.

Physical health: Exercise, diet, sleep habits, hygiene, and personal hygiene are important aspects of physical health. Physical health requires adequate exercise, good rest, and a clean environment. Physical health is just the tip of the iceberg, though. It also requires that you understand your body’s chemistry and how to balance it. Nutrition is an essential part of physical health, and it gets its own pillar. Taking care of your body’s chemistry is important when making dietary and lifestyle decisions.

Cost control

There are two methods of cost control in holistic health care. One is to measure the cost of an entire system and implement changes in management based on results. Cost control in holistic health care is often difficult to achieve because costs vary according to the type of treatment provided. The other method is to identify the cost of an individual patient, and to measure the proportion of that patient who will need further care. Although holistic health care is more expensive than usual medical care, it is cost effective and can reduce mortality.

The first strategy is a health share plan, which requires the members to pay a portion of the cost of their care. These plans are more expensive than traditional medical care, but are often more effective because they treat the whole person and encourage preventative care. This approach also keeps costs low and satisfaction high, leaving more money for major medical events. The most common holistic health care costs are due to chronic illnesses and other conditions. The costs of a health share plan are shared by all members.

Another strategy for cost control in holistic health care is to use health policy commissions. The Maryland commission, for example, has been focusing on the total cost of care and hospital budgets. It has a history, and stakeholders have a vested interest in working with it. In Maryland, a Medicare waiver encourages health care providers to offer services to all payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid. These charges are then offset by increases in commercial rates.

Prevention of disease

The American Holistic Health Association advocates for the prevention of chronic disease. The emphasis on holistic health entails treating the entire person, incorporating the mind, body, and spirit into a health-promoting lifestyle. The most difficult aspects of incorporating holistic practices into the client’s life are often changes to food, which can be hard for clients to accept. However, the benefits of holistic health far outweigh the negative effects.

One of the most significant benefits of preventive medicine is lower healthcare costs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that the practice of prevention can reduce costs by more than $1 trillion annually. In fact, 90 percent of healthcare expenditures are related to chronic conditions. Preventive care focuses on the prevention of chronic disease by emphasizing long-term health, healthy pregnancy, and aging. Health screenings are an important component of this holistic approach.

The benefits of holistic medicine are numerous. First, holistic doctors focus on the whole person, rather than simply treating the symptoms of an illness. Holistic physicians believe that the mind-body connection is the key to healing. As such, holistic doctors help patients develop an understanding of their entire health profile. By integrating complementary therapies and Western medicine, holistic physicians can treat the whole person and prevent or improve disease symptoms. In addition to reducing disease risk, holistic health also emphasizes a strong doctor-patient relationship.

Medicinal plants

Medicinal plants can be used to treat various illnesses and diseases. Using them can be a natural way to improve your overall health and well-being. Here are some tips for maximizing their benefits. Read on to learn how to use medicinal plants in your daily life. We are going to go over a few examples of the most popular ones and how they can improve your health. Listed below are some of their most important benefits.

Traditional medicines have their place, but plants play a vital role in drug development. Modern scientific techniques have helped verify the ancient knowledge of the healer. These traditional remedies incorporate many aspects of the body, including their chemical composition and their psychological effects. As a result, the study of traditional medicine is helping to discover future drug leads. Medicinal plants are used in many countries and have played a vital role in traditional healthcare systems for thousands of years. Today, about 50% of all drugs that are used in clinical practice are made from natural products.

Besides examining their properties, medicinal plants can also be used for cancer treatment. The research study documented the different plant species used in cancer management among Tswana speakers. The study also provided baseline data for further studies. Future studies will focus on the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of these plants. The findings of this study have opened the door to further investigation into the effects of these plants on the human body. It also highlights the growing popularity of natural products.

Dietary supplements

The goal of dietary supplements for holistic health is to help people improve their health and well-being by addressing the root causes of the disease. Researchers and practitioners of holistic nutrition know that the body’s chemical processes are continuously occurring. They are affected by synthetic chemicals, which disrupt these processes. They also know that abnormal substances can interfere with decision-making and brain functions. Consequently, these substances may cause long-term damage. Instead of taking synthetic chemicals, holistic nutritionists recommend natural foods and herbal supplements.

A good source for dietary supplements is the Office of Dietary Supplements. This organization helps consumers find information on dietary supplements and answers questions about their efficacy. You can also contact the manufacturers to find out more about the supplement’s ingredients and efficacy. In addition, you can visit the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) or Office of Dietary Supplements, which have websites designed to help consumers make informed choices.

Some people have tried using dietary supplements for holistic health. However, their use is not recommended for everyone. These supplements are not meant to diagnose or treat diseases and are not as safe as medicines. However, they are effective in enhancing the current routine of a person. They are not a replacement for good eating habits. A healthy diet and exercise are important factors for holistic health. And you should not neglect your diet and your health if you want to see significant results from dietary supplements.

Alternative medicine

Holistic health is all about using the correct methods to achieve optimal health. Alternative medicine attempts to achieve the same effects as medicine, but is not scientifically proven. It has no biological plausibility and has been proven ineffective. Nonetheless, many people swear by it and use it for a wide variety of conditions. Below are some common examples of complementary and alternative medicine. Read on to learn more about the benefits and limitations of alternative medicine.

A holistic philosophy views the mind, body, and spirit as one. A dysfunction in one area affects the whole person. Complementary medicine is guided by this philosophy. Many Australians seek out alternative medicine after feeling dissatisfied with conventional medical care. They don’t believe in the harsh side effects of conventional drugs. It may be more gentle and safer. In addition, it involves a collaborative approach with both the patient and provider.

The holistic health care provider may prescribe medicines and surgical procedures to treat acute or chronic pain, or recommend exercise to boost the production of endorphins. Regardless of the condition, a holistic health care provider may also ask about your diet and lifestyle, identifying foods that contribute to inflammation and stress. If you suffer from pain, your holistic health care provider may recommend acupuncture or massage therapy, or even mindful meditation to relieve tension and stress.

Cablivi (caplacizumab-yhdp): Drug Side Effects & Dosage


Generic drug: caplacizumab-yhdp

Brand name: Cablivi

What is Cablivi (caplacizumab-yhdp), and how does it work?

Cablivi (caplacizumab-yhdp) is a von Willebrand factor (vWF)-directed antibody fragment indicated for the treatment of adult patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP), in combination with plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy.

What are the side effects of Cablivi?

Common side effects of Cablivi include:

What is the dosage for Cablivi?

Recommended Dose And Schedules

Cablivi should be administered upon initiation of plasma exchange therapy. The recommended dose of
Cablivi is as follows:

  • First day of treatment: 11 mg bolus intravenous injection at least 15 minutes prior to plasma exchange followed by an 11 mg subcutaneous injection after completion of plasma exchange on day 1.
  • Subsequent days of treatment during daily plasma exchange: 11 mg subcutaneous injection once daily following plasma exchange.
  • Treatment after plasma exchange period: 11 mg subcutaneous injection once daily continuing for 30 days following the last daily plasma exchange. If after initial treatment course, sign(s) of persistent underlying disease such as suppressed ADAMTS13 activity levels remain present, treatment may be extended for a maximum of 28 days.

Discontinue
Cablivi if the patient experiences more than 2 recurrences of aTTP, while on
Cablivi.

Missed Dose

If a dose of Cablivi is missed during the plasma exchange period, it should be given as soon as possible. If a dose of
Cablivi is missed after the plasma exchange period, it can be administered within 12 hours of the scheduled time of administration. Beyond 12 hours, the missed dose should be skipped and the next daily dose administered according to the usual dosing schedule.

Discontinuation For Surgery And Other Interventions

Withhold
Cablivi treatment 7 days prior to elective surgery, dental procedures,
or other invasive interventions.

Reconstitution And Administration Instructions

The first dose of
Cablivi should be administered by a healthcare provider as a bolus intravenous injection. Administer subsequent doses subcutaneously in the abdomen. Avoid injections around the navel. Do not administer consecutive injections in the same abdominal quadrant.

Patients or caregivers may inject Cablivi subcutaneously after proper training
on the preparation and administration of Cablivi, including aseptic technique.

  • Ensure the
    Cablivi vial and diluent syringe are at room temperature.
  • Reconstitute
    Cablivi before administration using the provided syringe containing 1 mL Sterile Water for Injection, USP, to yield an 11 mg/mL single-dose solution.
  • Using aseptic technique throughout the preparation of the solution, attach the vial adapter to the vial containing
    Cablivi.
  • Remove the plastic cap from the syringe and attach it to the vial adapter by twisting it clockwise until it cannot twist any further.
  • Slowly push the syringe plunger down until the syringe is empty. Do not remove the syringe from the vial adapter.
  • Gently swirl the vial until the cake or powder is completely dissolved. Do not shake.
  • Visually inspect that the reconstituted solution is clear and colorless.
  • Withdraw all of the clear, colorless reconstituted solution from the vial into the syringe. Label the
    Cablivi syringe.
  • Administer the full amount of reconstituted solution.
  • For the initial intravenous injection, if using an intravenous line, the glass syringe should be connected to a standard Luer lock (and not a needleless connector) and flushed with either 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP.
  • Use the
    Cablivi solution immediately. If not, use Cablivi within 4 hours after reconstitution when stored in the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F).

What drugs interact with Cablivi?

Concomitant Use Of Anticoagulants

Concomitant use of Cablivi with any anticoagulant may increase the risk of bleeding. Assess and monitor closely for bleeding with concomitant use.

Is Cablivi safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

  • There are no available data on Cablivi use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. However, there are potential risks of hemorrhage in the mother and fetus associated with use of
    Cablivi.
  • There is no information regarding the presence of caplacizumab-yhdp in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child or the effects on milk production.
  • The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for
    Cablivi and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from
    Cablivi, or from the underlying maternal condition.

Orladeyo for Hereditary Angioedema: Side Effects & Interactions


Generic drug: berotralstat

Brand name: Orladeyo

What is Orladeyo (berotralstat), and how does it work?

  • Orladeyo (berotralstat) is a prescription medicine used to prevent attacks of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) in adults and children 12 years of age and older.
  • Orladeyo is not used to treat an acute HAE attack.
  • Do not take more than one capsule of Orladeyo a day because extra doses can cause heart rhythm problems.
  • It is not known if Orladeyo is safe and effective to treat an acute HAE attack.
  • It is not known if Orladeyo is safe and effective in children under 12 years of age.

What are the side effects of Orladeyo?

Taking more than one capsule of Orladeyo a day may cause serious side effects, including:

  • heart rhythm problems. A heart rhythm problem called QT prolongation can happen in people who take more than one capsule of Orladeyo a day. This condition can cause an abnormal heart beat. Do not take more than one capsule of Orladeyo a day.

The most common side effects of Orladeyo include:

Less common side effects include increases in liver function tests. Rarely, some patients had a brief, itchy rash.

These are not all of the possible side effects of Orladeyo. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What is the dosage for Orladeyo?

Recommended Dosage

  • The recommended dosage of Orladeyo is one 150 mg capsule taken orally once daily with food.

Recommended Dosage In Patients With Hepatic Impairment

  • No dosage adjustment of Orladeyo is recommended for patients with mild
    hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A).
  • In patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C), the recommended dosage of
    Orladeyo is one 110 mg capsule taken orally once daily with food.

Recommended Dosage For Concomitant Use With P-Gp Or BCRP Inhibitors

  • In patients with chronic administration of P-gp or BCRP inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine), the recommended dosage of
    Orladeyo is one 110 mg capsule taken orally once daily with food.

Dosage Adjustment In Patients With Persistent GI Reactions

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) reactions may occur in patients receiving Orladeyo. If GI events persist, a reduced dose of 110 mg once daily with food may be considered.

What drugs interact with Orladeyo?

  • This section describes clinically relevant drug interactions with
    Orladeyo. Drug interaction studies are described elsewhere in the labeling.

Potential For Other Drugs To Affect Orladeyo

P-Gp Or BCRP Inhibitors
  • Orladeyo is a P-gp and BCRP substrate. A dose of 110 mg Orladeyo is
    recommended for patients with chronic administration of P-gp or BCRP
    inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine).
P-Gp Inducers
  • Berotralstat is a substrate of P-gp and BCRP. P-gp inducers (e.g., rifampin, St. John’s wort) may decrease berotralstat plasma concentration, leading to reduced efficacy of
    Orladeyo. The use of P-gp inducers is not recommended with Orladeyo.

Potential For Orladeyo To Affect Other Drugs

CYP2D6 And CYP3A4 Substrates
  • Orladeyo at a dose of 150 mg is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2D6 and
    CYP3A4. For concomitant medications with a narrow therapeutic index that are
    predominantly metabolized by CYP2D6 (e.g., thioridazine, pimozide) or CYP3A4
    (e.g., cyclosporine, fentanyl), appropriate monitoring and dose titration is
    recommended.
P-Gp Substrates
  • Orladeyo at a dose of 300 mg is a P-gp inhibitor. Appropriate monitoring and dose titration is recommended for P-gp substrates (e.g. digoxin) when co-administering with
    Orladeyo.

Is Orladeyo safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

  • There are insufficient data in pregnant women available to inform drug-related risks with
    Orladeyo use in pregnancy.
  • There are no data on the presence of berotralstat in human milk, its effects on the breastfed infant, or its effects on milk production.
  • However, when a drug is present in animal milk, it is likely that the drug will be present in human milk.

Does Glucosamine Chondroitin Really Work? Benefits & Side Effects

glucosamine and chondroitin
While the evidence is conflicting, glucosamine and chondroitin do seem to provide some pain relief for knee osteoarthritis in some individuals.

Research is underway to determine the efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in comparison to placebo. The evidence is conflicting, but glucosamine and chondroitin may provide some pain relief for knee osteoarthritis in some individuals. According to some studies, it may relieve osteoarthritis pain in the same way that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) do. However, researchers believe that while these supplements could be effective as a preventative measure, they should not be used for the long term.

  • These supplements have been shown in studies to be effective in slowing cartilage degeneration and improving joint health in the knees. However, this only works if people take a very high dose for an extended period.
  • According to research, these supplements are completely safe, but they may or may not provide the desired results.
  • Glucosamine and chondroitin supplement is not recommended by the American College of Rheumatology, American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery and Osteoarthritis Evidence Society International guidelines despite all the research.
  • They are classified as supplements and not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), so patients should be aware of this. Safety and efficacy have not been evaluated, and their production is not governed by Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), which is a set of FDA requirements to ensure quality.

Although the medical literature in support of glucosamine and chondroitin is cautiously positive, some observers are concerned that many of the studies were funded by supplement manufacturers. Combining chondroitin and glucosamine may work better than either taken alone. These two ingredients are frequently found together in a single supplement.

What are glucosamine and chondroitin made up of?

Glucosamine and chondroitin are cartilage components that the body naturally produces. By supplementing the cartilage tissue, discomfort and swelling in the joints that are most prone to be affected by osteoarthritis can be lessened. Also, this can prevent the breakdown of connective tissues.

Chondroitin is derived from the cartilage of cow tracheas, whereas glucosamine is derived from shellfish shells (crabs, lobsters and shrimps). Their chemical composition is similar to cartilage molecules, and their manufacturers claim that they help worn cartilage. However, medical experts and researchers are skeptical about their benefits.

How do glucosamine and chondroitin work?

Chondroitin and glucosamine are thought to be chondroprotective (which means they might stop the pain and the progression of arthritis). In addition to glucosamine, chondroitin helps pull water and nutrients into the cartilage, maintaining its elasticity.

  • Glucosamine and chondroitin have been shown to inhibit cartilage breakdown, reducing joint discomfort and promoting healthy joints in studies.
  • They also help maintain cartilage structure, since glucosamine and chondroitin contain anti-inflammatory qualities that can help minimize cartilage degeneration and pain in the joints.

To summarize, when these supplements are taken together, they do the following:

  • Maintain and promote joint health
  • Assist in the relief of mild to moderate joint pain
  • Assist in the growth and production of healthy joint cartilage




QUESTION

About how much does an adult human brain weigh?
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What are the possible side effects of taking glucosamine and chondroitin?

The typical daily dose is 1,500 mg of glucosamine and 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate, either all at once or in divided doses. For heavier individuals, this can be increased to 2,000 mg of glucosamine and 1,600 mg of chondroitin.

The effects of glucosamine and chondroitin may not be noticeable for at least six to eight weeks, and their benefits become apparent in about four to six months. If no benefit is seen after six months, the supplement should be discontinued.

Common side effects

Serious side effects (often rare)

The following groups may want to avoid these supplements:

  • People with uncontrolled diabetes
  • Patients with respiratory and liver diseases
    • If there is a pre-existing condition (such as asthma or hemophilia) or if there is a family history of prostate cancer, doctors may not prescribe these supplements
  • People with seafood and shellfish allergy
  • Children and pregnant women
  • People on blood thinners
  • People suffering from increased eye pressure and glaucoma

Doctors may not support or refute the use of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate until scientific, prospective, randomized studies are conducted to demonstrate and prove that these drugs are both safe and effective.

What Are the Side Effects of Olmesartan?

side effects of olmesartan
The most common side effects of olmesartan include dizziness or light-headedness, diarrhea, vertigo, dry mouth and backache.

The most common side effects of olmesartan are dizziness or light-headedness when your body is adjusting to this medication. Olmesartan is typically used to treat high blood pressure, and although it may cause side effects, most people experience little to no symptoms.

However, some of the side effects of olmesartan drugs include:

Other serious side effects and symptoms may include:

Additionally, this medication may harm or terminate your pregnancy, so if you are planning to become pregnant, consult your doctor about other methods of lowering your blood pressure.

Mild side effects may subside in a few days or weeks, although you should contact your doctor if your symptoms worsen or do not go away. If your symptoms appear to be life-threatening or if you believe there is a medical emergency, dial 911.

If you experience any serious side effects, such as fainting, symptoms of a high potassium level in the blood (such as muscle weakness or a slow or irregular heartbeat), signs of kidney problems (such as a change in the amount of urine) or severe diarrhea, contact your doctor right away.

A severe allergic reaction to this drug is uncommon. However, seek medical attention immediately if you notice any of the following symptoms of a severe allergic reaction:

  • Rash
  • Itching or swelling (especially of the face, tongue or throat)
  • Severe dizziness
  • Difficulty breathing

What is olmesartan?

Olmesartan, a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), is called an angiotensin II receptor blocker or ARB because it works by blocking the angiotensin II receptor, which is a type of protein. By binding to these proteins, olmesartan helps relax the blood vessels (arteries and veins), thereby reducing the blood pressure.

Olmesartan is sometimes prescribed in conjunction with other blood pressure medications. Angiotensin II is a hormone produced by the body that causes blood vessels to constrict. Olmesartan inhibits the action of angiotensin-II, causing your blood vessels to relax. This helps reduce blood pressure.

Even if you feel fine, continue to take this medication as directed. Symptoms of high blood pressure are not always present. Patients may need to take this medication for the rest of their lives if no serious side effects occur.

How to take olmesartan

Olmesartan is available in the form of pills that must be swallowed and is taken one time a day, with or without food. To ensure that you continue to take olmesartan, take it at the same time every day.

If your child is unable to swallow a pill, consult a doctor. The pharmacist can prepare this medication in liquid form for your child.

Olmesartan is a blood pressure medication that lowers but does not cure, high blood pressure. While blood pressure may begin to fall within the first week of treatment, the full effect of olmesartan may take up to two weeks to become apparent. Even if you feel fine, continue to take olmesartan. Do not stop taking olmesartan without consulting the doctor.

If you miss an olmesartan dose, take it as soon as possible. However, if your next dose is approaching, skip the missed dose but do not combine two doses at once. Before taking olmesartan, inform the doctor about all the medications you are on, including prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins and herbal supplements.

Flonase vs. Nasacort Side Effects, Dosage & Pregnancy Safety

What are the differences between Flonase vs. Nasacort?

What are Flonase and Nasacort?

Flonase (fluticasone) is a man-made corticosteroid. The exact mechanism of action of Flonase is not known; however, it stimulates glucocorticoid receptors in humans that produces a potent anti-inflammatory response. Flonase also works on multiple cells and mediators that are responsible for the inflammatory symptoms of allergic rhinitis (sneezing, runny nose, etc.).

Nasacort (triamcinolone acetonide) is a man-made corticosteroid. It is administered as a nasal spray for relieving symptoms of rhinitis. Corticosteroids are naturally occurring hormones produced by the adrenal glands that prevent or suppress inflammation and immune responses. Nasacort provides relief from allergy-induced runny or stuffy nose, postnasal drip, sneezing, and itching of the back of the throat which are symptoms associated with allergy. A beneficial response usually is noted within a few days but can take as long as 4 weeks.

What are the side effects for Flonase vs. Nasacort?

Flonase

Side effects of fluticasone include:

Some children may experience growth suppression from use of inhaled steroids.

Nasacort

The most common side effects following nasal inhalation of triamcinolone acetonide are:

  • nasal irritation and itching,
  • increased cough,
  • nausea or vomiting,
  • sore throat,
  • nasal congestion,
  • sneezing,
  • nasal burning,
  • bloody nasal discharge, and
  • nasal dryness.

Other adverse effects reported with intranasal triamcinolone acetonide include:

All of these are either mild or uncommon.

Nasal septal perforation, oral or nasal fungal infections, growth suppression in children, glaucoma, cataracts, and decreased production of cortisol by the adrenal glands also may occur.

What is the dosage for Flonase vs. Nasacort?

Flonase

  • Adults: The recommended dosing is 2 sprays per nostril daily. The maximum dose is 200 mcg/day (4 sprays). Maintenance therapy is 1 spray in each nostril daily.
  • Adolescents and children 4 years of age and older: the recommended dosing is 1 spray per nostril daily (total dose 100 mcg.) Patients that do not respond adequately may increase to two sprays in each nostril once a day. The maximum dose is 200 mcg/day.

Nasacort

The recommended dose is one or two sprays in each nostril once daily. Before use of the nasal spray, the nose should be blown gently, and the inhaler or spray should be shaken. The head should be tilted backwards, with the nozzle inserted into one nostril, the opening of the nozzle toward the swollen area. The other nostril should be closed. and the spray or inhaler activated while breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth. The inhaler or spray should be cleaned daily. The canister should be removed from the inhaler, rinsing the cap, nosepiece, and the inhaler with warm water and then drying them thoroughly.

What drugs interact with Flonase and Nasacort?

Flonase

Ritonavir (Norvir) and ketoconazole (Nizoral, Extina, Xolegel, Kuric) increase fluticasone levels in the body by delaying its metabolism (elimination). It is not clear how important this effect is.

Nasacort

No drug interactions have been described with nasal triamcinolone.

Are Flonase and Nasacort safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

Flonase

There are no adequate studies of fluticasone to determine its safety and effectiveness in pregnant women.

It is not known whether fluticasone enters breast milk; therefore, it is best to be cautious before using it in nursing mothers.

Nasacort

Serious complications (including cleft palate and still births) have been reported when oral corticosteroids were administered during pregnancy. It is not known if the small amounts of corticosteroids that appear in the blood following intranasal use carry the same risk. Triamcinolone acetonide use during pregnancy should be avoided unless the physician feels that the potential therapeutic benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

It is unknown whether triamcinolone acetonide accumulates in breast milk. However, it is known that other corticosteroids are excreted in breast milk. The effects on the child, if any, are unknown.

Atropen (atropine): Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions


Generic drug: atropine

Brand name: Atropen

What is Atropen (atropine), and how does it work?

Atropen (atropine) is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Anesthesia Premedication, Sinus Bradycardia (ACLS), Bronchospasm, and Organophosphate or Carbamate Poisoning. Atropen may be used alone or with other medications.

Atropen belongs to a class of drugs called Anesthetic Premedication Agents; Cholinergic, Toxicity Antidotes.

What are the side effects of Atropen?

Atropen may cause serious side effects including:

Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above.

The most common side effects of Atropen include:

Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

These are not all the possible side effects of Atropen. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

FOR USE IN NERVE AGENT AND INSECTICIDE POISONING ONLY

CAUTION! PRIMARY PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL NERVE AGENTS AND INSECTICIDE POISONING IS THE WEARING OF PROTECTIVE GARMENTS INCLUDING MASKS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR THIS USE.

INDIVIDUALS SHOULD NOT RELY SOLELY UPON ANTIDOTES SUCH AS ATROPINE AND PRALIDOXIME TO PROVIDE COMPLETE PROTECTION FROM CHEMICAL NERVE AGENTS AND INSECTICIDE POISONING.

SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION AFTER INJECTION WITH Atropen (atropine) .

A STERILE SOLUTION FOR INTRAMUSCULAR USE ONLY

What is the dosage for Atropen?

Important Administration Information

  • It is recommended that three Atropen autoinjectors be available for use in each patient at risk for organophosphorus or carbamate poisoning; one (1) for mild symptoms plus two (2) more for severe symptoms. Different dose strengths of Atropen are available depending on the patient's weight.
  • Atropen should be used by persons who have had adequate training in the recognition and treatment of nerve agent or insecticide intoxication, but may be administered by a caregiver or self-administration if a trained provider is not available.
  • Only administer Atropen to patients experiencing symptoms of organophosphorus or carbamate poisoning in a situation where exposure is known or suspected. Atropen is a single-dose autoinjector intended as an initial treatment of the muscarinic symptoms of insecticide or nerve agent poisonings (generally breathing difficulties due to increased secretions); definitive medical care should be sought immediately.
  • Atropen should be administered as soon as symptoms of organophosphorus or carbamate poisoning appear.
  • In severe poisonings, it may also be desirable to concurrently administer an anticonvulsant (preferably a benzodiazepine) if seizure is suspected in the unconscious individual since the classic tonic-clonic jerking may not be apparent due to the effects of the poison.
  • A cholinesterase reactivator such as pralidoxime may serve as an important adjunct to atropine therapy.
  • Close supervision of all treated patients is indicated for at least 48 to 72 hours.
  • Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Dosage Information

Different dose strengths of Atropen are available depending on the patient's age and weight (see Table 1).

Table 1: Recommended Dose Strength per Atropen Injection

Age and Body Weight
Strength of each Atropen Injection

Adults and pediatric patients weighing over 41 kg (90 pounds) (generally over 10 years of age)
Atropen 2 mg (green label)

Pediatric patients weighing 18 kg to 41 kg (40 pounds to 90 pounds) (generally 4 to 10 years of age)
Atropen 1 mg (red label)

Pediatric patients weighing 7 kg to 18 kg (15 pounds to 40 pounds) (generally 6 months to 4 years of age)
Atropen 0.5 mg (blue label)

Pediatric patients weighing less than 7 kg (15 pounds) (generally less than 6 months of age)
Atropen 0.25 mg (yellow label)

Dosage For Mild Symptoms

First Dose

  • If the patient experiences two or more mild symptoms of nerve agent or insecticide exposure listed in Table 2, administer one (1) Atropen injection intramuscularly into the mid-lateral (outer) thigh.

Additional Doses

  • If, at any time after receiving the first Atropen injection, the patient has any of the severe symptoms listed in Table 2, administer two (2) additional Atropen injections in rapid succession. If possible, a person other than the patient should administer the second and third Atropen injections.
  • Wait 10 to 15 minutes for Atropen to take effect. If after 10 to 15 minutes, the patient does not develop any of the severe symptoms listed in Table 2, no additional Atropen injections are recommended.
Dosage For Severe Symptoms
  • If the patient is either unconscious or has any of the severe symptoms listed in Table 2, immediately administer three (3) Atropen injections intramuscularly into the patient's mid-lateral thigh in rapid succession.

Table 2: Common Symptoms of Organophosphorus or Carbamate Poisoning

Mild Symptoms
Severe Symptoms

  • Blurred vision, miosis
  • Excessive, unexplained teary eyes*
  • Excessive, unexplained runny nose*
  • Increased salivation such as sudden unexplained excessive drooling*
  • Chest tightness or difficulty breathing
  • Tremors throughout the body or muscular twitching
  • Nausea and/or vomiting
  • Unexplained wheezing, coughing or increased airway secretions
  • Acute onset of stomach cramps
  • Tachycardia or bradycardia
  • Strange or confused behavior
  • Severe difficulty breathing or copious secretions from lungs/airway
  • Severe muscular twitching and general weakness* *
  • Involuntary urination and defecation*
  • Convulsions
  • Unconsciousness

* These symptoms are sometimes observed in healthy infants and young children. In this age group, these symptoms are less reliable than other symptoms listed. Symptoms must be considered collectively when nerve agent or pesticide exposure is known or suspected.
** Infants may become drowsy or unconscious, with muscle floppiness rather than muscle twitching, soon after exposure to nerve agents or insecticides.




QUESTION

About how much does an adult human brain weigh?
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What drugs interact with Atropen?

Pralidoxime

When atropine and pralidoxime are used together, the signs of atropinization (flushing, mydriasis, tachycardia, dryness of the mouth and nose) may occur earlier than might be expected when atropine is used alone because pralidoxime may potentiate the effect of atropine. Excitement and manic behavior immediately following recovery of consciousness have been reported in several cases. However, similar behavior has occurred in cases of organophosphate poisoning that were not treated with pralidoxime.

Barbiturates

Barbiturates are potentiated by the anticholinesterases; therefore, barbiturates should be used cautiously in the treatment of convulsions resulting from exposure to atropine.

Is Atropen safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

  • It is not known whether atropine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or if these agents can affect reproductive capacity.
  • Atropine should be administered to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
  • Atropine is found in human milk in trace amounts.
  • Caution should be exercised when atropine is administered to a nursing woman.

Aspirin vs. Eliquis (apixaban): Bloodthinner Uses & Side Effects

Aspirin vs. Eliquis (apixaban): Similarities and differences

What is aspirin? What is Eliquis?

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat fever, pain, and inflammation. Aspirin is also used to prevent blood clots (antithrombotic). Other NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Motrin), indomethacin (Indocin), and nabumetone (Relafen). NSAIDs reduce levels of prostaglandins, chemicals released when there is inflammation that causes pain and fever. NSAIDs block the enzyme that makes prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), resulting in lower levels of prostaglandins, and a reduction of inflammation, pain, and fever. Suppression of prostaglandins also reduces the function of platelets and the blood’s ability to clot. Aspirin inhibits the function of platelets for prolonged periods of time so it is used to reduce the risk of another heart attack or stroke in people who have already had a heart attack or stroke.

Eliquis (apixaban) is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) used for reducing the risk of blood clots in the heart and strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation who have no problems with their heart valves (nonvalvular atrial fibrillation). Eliquis is also used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgery.




QUESTION

Medically speaking, the term “myalgia” refers to what type of pain?
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What are the side effects of aspirin and Eliquis?

Aspirin

Most patients benefit from aspirin and other NSAIDs with few side effects. However, serious side effects can occur and generally tend to be dose-related. Therefore, it is advisable to use the lowest effective dose to minimize side effects.

The most common side effects of aspirin involve the gastrointestinal system and ringing in the ears.

Gastrointestinal side effects are

  • ulcerations,
  • abdominal burning,
  • pain,
  • cramping,
  • nausea,
  • gastritis, and
  • even serious gastrointestinal bleeding and
  • liver toxicity.

Sometimes, ulceration and bleeding can occur without any abdominal pain. Black tarry stools, weakness, and dizziness upon standing may be the only signs of internal bleeding.

Ringing in the ears

  • Should ringing in the ears occur, the daily dose should be reduced.

Other side effects include:

Other side effects and adverse reactions

  • Aspirin should be avoided by patients with peptic ulcer disease or poor kidney function, since this medication can aggravate both conditions.
  • Aspirin may exacerbate asthma.
  • Aspirin can raise the blood uric acid level and is avoided in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
  • Children and teenagers should avoid aspirin for symptoms of the flu or chickenpox because of the associated risk of Reye's Syndrome, a serious disease of the liver and nervous system that can lead to coma and death.
  • Aspirin can increase the effect of medicines used to treat diabetes mellitus, resulting in abnormally low blood sugars if blood sugar levels are not monitored.
  • NSAIDs should be discontinued prior to elective surgery because of a mild tendency to interfere with blood clotting. Aspirin, because of its prolonged effect on platelets, is best discontinued at least ten to fourteen days in advance of the procedure.

Eliquis

The most common side effects of apixaban involve bleeding in the:

Bleeding due to apixaban may be fatal.

Major bleeding events were fewer in patients who received apixaban when compared to a similar group that received warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven), another widely used drug for preventing blood clots.

Rash and serious allergic reactions also may occur.

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What is the dosage of aspirin vs. Eliquis?

Aspirin

Aspirin should be taken with food. Doses range from 50 mg to 6000 mg daily depending on the use.

  • Usual doses for mild to moderate pain are 350 or 650 mg every 4 hours or 500 mg every 6 hours.
  • Doses for rheumatoid arthritis include 500 mg every 4-6 hours; 650 mg every 4 hours; 1000 mg every 4-6 hours; 1950 mg twice daily.
  • Heart attacks are prevented with 75, 81, 162 or 325 mg daily.
  • 160 to 325 mg of non-enteric coated aspirin should be chewed immediately when experiencing symptoms of a heart attack.
  • The dose for preventing another stroke is 75 to 100 mg daily.

Eliquis

  • The usual dose in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is 5 mg by mouth twice daily. For individuals 80 years or older, weighing less than or equal to 60 kg, or with reduced kidney function, the usual dose is 2.5 mg twice daily.
  • The recommended dose for treating DVT or pulmonary embolism is 10 mg twice daily for the first 7 days and then 5 mg twice daily. After six months of treatment, the dose may be reduced to 2.5 mg daily for prevention of DVT or pulmonary embolism.
  • When apixaban is used to prevent the risk of DVT after hip or knee replacement surgery, the suggested dose is 2.5 mg daily beginning 12 to 24 hours after the surgery is completed.

What drugs interact with aspirin vs. Eliquis?

Aspirin

  • Aspirin is associated with several suspected or probable interactions that affect the action of other drugs. The following examples are the most common of the suspected interactions.
  • NSAIDs may increase the blood levels of lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) by reducing the excretion of lithium by the kidneys. Increased levels of lithium may lead to lithium toxicity.
  • Aspirin may reduce the blood pressure lowering effects of blood pressure medications. This may occur because prostaglandins have a role in the regulation of blood pressure.
  • When aspirin is used in combination with methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall) or aminoglycoside antibiotics (for example, gentamicin) the blood levels of the methotrexate or aminoglycoside may increase, presumably because their elimination from the body is reduced. This may lead to more methotrexate or aminoglycoside-related side effects.
  • Individuals taking oral blood thinners or anticoagulants, for example, warfarin, (Coumadin) should avoid aspirin because aspirin also thins the blood, and excessive blood thinning may lead to serious bleeding.

Eliquis

  • Apixaban is a substrate of both CYP3A4 and P-gp. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp increase exposure to apixaban and increase the risk of bleeding. Inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp decrease exposure to apixaban and increase the risk of stroke and other thromboembolic events.

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Are aspirin and Eliquis safe to take while pregnant or breastfeeding?

Aspirin

  • Aspirin is generally avoided during pregnancy because it may adversely affect the fetus. However, low aspirin doses have been safely used for the prevention of complications of pregnancy.
  • Aspirin is excreted into breast milk and may cause adverse effects in the infant.

Eliquis

  • There are no adequate studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy may increase the risk of bleeding during pregnancy and delivery. Apixaban should be avoided during pregnancy.
  • It is not known if apixaban is excreted in human milk. Nursing mothers should discontinue apixaban or discontinue nursing.

Cefdinir vs. Keflex: Antibiotic Uses & Side Effects

What is the difference between cefdinir and Keflex?

What are cefdinir and Keflex?

Cefdinir and Keflex (cephalexin) are cephalosporin antibiotics used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria such as infections of the tonsils (tonsillitis), throat (strep throat), middle ear (otitis media), larynx (laryngitis), bronchi (bronchitis), lungs (pneumonia), sinuses (sinusitis), and skin and other soft tissues. Other cephalosporin antibiotics include cefuroxime (Zinacef), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefaclor (Ceclor), cefixime (Suprax), and cefprozil (Cefzil).

What are the side effects of cefdinir and Keflex?

Cefdinir

Keflex

The most common side effects of cephalexin are:

Individuals who are allergic to penicillin may also be allergic to cephalexin. Serious but rare reactions include seizures, severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), and low platelet or red blood cell count.

Cephalexin, like almost all antibiotics, may cause mild or severe cases of pseudomembranous colitis, a mild to severe inflammation of the colon. Antibiotics, including cephalexin alter the types of bacteria in the colon and permit overgrowth of a bacterium called Clostridium difficile. Studies indicate that toxins produced by Clostridium difficile are a primary cause of pseudomembranous colitis.

What is the dosage of cefdinir vs. Keflex?

Cefdinir

  • Cefdinir is taken once or twice daily, depending on the type and severity of the infection.
  • The capsules or suspension can be taken with or without food.
  • Patients with advanced kidney disease may need to take lower doses to prevent accumulation of cefdinir since it is eliminated from the body by the kidneys.
  • For adult infections the usual dose is 300 mg every 12 hours or 600 mg per day for 5-10 days depending on the nature and severity of the infection.
  • The recommended dose for children 6 months to 12 years of age is 7 mg/kg every 12 hours or 14 mg/kg per day for 5-10 days depending on the type of infection.
  • For most infections, once daily dosing is as effective as twice daily dosing, although once daily dosing has not been evaluated for the treatment of skin infections or pneumonia.

Keflex

  • The dose of cephalexin for adults is 1 to 4 grams in divided doses.
  • The usual adult dose is 250 mg every 6 hours.
  • Some infections may be treated with 500 mg every 12 hours.
  • Children are treated with 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses.
  • The dosing interval may be every 6 or 12 hours depending on the type and seriousness of the infection.




QUESTION

Bowel regularity means a bowel movement every day.
See Answer

What drugs interact with cefdinir vs. Keflex?

Cefdinir

  • Aluminum or magnesium containing antacids reduce the absorption of cefdinir from the intestine. Separating the administration of cefdinir and such antacids by two hours prevents this interaction.
  • Iron supplements also reduce the absorption of cefdinir. Separating the administration of cefdinir and iron supplements by two hours prevents this interaction. There have been reports of reddish stool in patients who have received cefdinir. This could be due to the formation of a chemical complex between cefdinir and iron in the stomach.

Keflex

  • Cephalexin may reduce the effect of BCG and typhoid vaccines. Cephalexin should not be combined with BCG or typhoid vaccine unless there are no other options.

Are cefdinir and Keflex safe to take while pregnant or breasfeeding?

Cefdinir

There are no adequate studies of cefdinir in pregnant women; however, studies in animals suggest no important effects on the fetus.
Cefdinir is not secreted in human milk.

Keflex

Cephalexin is excreted in breast milk. Cephalexin should be used with caution or stopped when breastfeeding.

Suprax vs. cefpodoxime: Antibiotics Side Effects, Dosage, Uses

Suprax (cefixime) vs. cefpodoxime: What’s the difference?

What are Suprax and cefpodoxime?

Suprax is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat infections of the middle ear (otitis media), tonsillitis, throat infections (pharyngitis), laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), gonorrhea, and acute bacterial bronchitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other cephalosporin antibiotics include cephalexin (Keflex), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefprozil (Cefzil), cefaclor (Ceclor), cefuroxime (Zinacef), and injectable forms. Suprax prevents bacteria from forming the walls that surround them that are necessary to protect bacteria from their environment and to keep the contents of the bacterial cell together; most bacteria cannot survive without a cell wall. Suprax is active against bacteria such as Hemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (causes strep throat), E. coli, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Cefpodoxime proxetil is a cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat infections of the middle ear (otitis media), tonsillitis, throat (pharyngitis), laryngitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin structure or skin infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Cefpodoxime proxetil is converted to its active form, cefpodoxime, in the body, that stops bacteria from multiplying by preventing bacteria from forming the walls that surround them. The walls protect bacteria from their environment and keep the contents of the bacterial cell together; bacteria usually cannot survive without a cell wall. Cefpodoxime is effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (the cause of strep throat), Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.




QUESTION

Bowel regularity means a bowel movement every day.
See Answer

What are the side effects of Suprax and cefpodoxime?

Suprax

Common side effects of Suprax include:

Other side effects include:

Cefpodoxime

Side effects include:

Patients who are allergic to cephalosporin type antibiotics should avoid cefpodoxime. Since this drug is chemically related to penicillin, some patients allergic to penicillin also may have an allergic reaction (sometimes even life-threatening anaphylaxis) to cefpodoxime.

Possible serious side effects:

Like other antibiotics, cefpodoxime may cause a condition called pseudomembranous colitis, a potentially serious bacterial infection of the colon caused by a bacterium called Clostridium difficile (C. difficile colitis). Patients who develop this type of colitis as a result of antibiotic treatment can have signs and symptoms of:

  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Fever
  • Shock

What is the dosage of Suprax vs. cefpodoxime?

Suprax

  • The recommended adult dose for otitis media, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and urinary tract infections is 400 mg once daily or divided and given as 200 mg every 12 hours.
  • Pediatric patients (6 months and older) have a recommended dose of 8 mg/kg/day once daily or in two doses of 4/mg/kg every 12 hours.

Cefpodoxime

  • The adult dose for treating pneumonia, bronchitis, or sinusitis is 200 mg every 12 hours for 10 to 14 days depending on the type of infection.
  • Gonorrhea is treated with a single 200 mg dose.

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What drugs interact with Suprax and cefpodoxime?

Suprax

  • Probenecid (Benemid) may increase the blood concentration of Suprax by decreasing removal of Suprax by the kidney. This interaction sometimes is used to enhance the effect of cephalosporins.
  • Combining Suprax with aminoglycosides — for example, tobramycin (Tobradex) — produces additive bacterial killing effects but also may increase the risk of harmful effects to the kidney.
  • Exenatide (Byetta) may delay or reduce the absorption of cephalosporins. Cephalosporins should be administered one hour before exenatide.
  • Suprax may cause a false positive urine ketone test.

Cefpodoxime

  • Probenecid increases the concentration of cefpodoxime in the blood. Drugs that reduce acidity in the stomach (for example, antacids, H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors) may reduce absorption of cefpodoxime.
  • Combining cefpodoxime with drugs that reduce kidney function may increase the risk of harm to the kidney.

Are Suprax and cefpodoxime safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

Suprax

Safety in pregnancy has not been established for Suprax. There are no adequate studies in pregnant women; however, studies in animals suggest no important effects on the fetus.

Safety in nursing mothers has not been established. It is not known if Suprax is excreted in breast milk.

Cefpodoxime

Doctors and researchers have not established if this drug is safe to take during pregnancy because there are'nt adequate studies in pregnant women. However, studies in animals suggest no important effects on the fetus.

This medication is excreted in human milk. The levels of cefpodoxime in human milk were 0%, 2%, and 6% of blood levels at 4 hours after a 200 mg oral dose. At 6 hours after dosing, the levels in breast milk were 0%, 9%, and 16% of the concentration of cefpodoxime in blood. Women should decide whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue the drug.